Gen. Zine el Abidine Ben Ali, the deposed former president of Tunisia is defined by the Western media in chorus, like a dictator.
Tunisian
The protest movement is described vaguely as the effect of an anti-democratic and authoritarian regime, which defies the rules of the "international community". But Ben Ali was not a "dictator." Dictators decide and command. Ben Ali was a servant of the interests economci Western, a loyal puppet politician who obeyed the orders, with the active support of the international community.
foreign interference in the internal affairs of Tunisia is not mentioned in media reports. The increases in food prices were not "imposed" by the government of Ben Ali. They were imposed by Wall Street and the IMF.
The role of the government of Ben Ali was to enforce the deadly economic recipe of the IMF, which in a period of more than 20 years has led to the result of destabilizing the national economy and impoverish the population of Tunisia.
Ben Ali as head of state has not decided anything substantial. National sovereignty was already lost. In 1987, at the height of the debt crisis, the leftist government of Habib Bourguiba was replaced by a new regime, a strong commitment on reform of the "free market." Macroeconomic management under the guidance of the IMF was now in the hands of foreign creditors Tunisia. Over the past 23 years, the economic and social policy in Tunisia has been dictated by the "Washington Consensus".
Ben Ali to remain in power, because its government obeyed and implemented effectively the diktat of the IMF, serving both the U.S. and the European Union.
This model has been used in many countries.
The continuity of the reforms the IMF requires a deadly "replacement" of the regime. The establishment of a political puppet ensure the implementation of the neoliberal agenda, creating conditions for possible dismissal of a corrupt and unpopular government that is represented as a cause of impoverishment of an entire population.
The protest movement
are no Wall Street and international financial institutions based in Washington, to be the direct target of the protest movement. The explosion social turned against the government rather than against the interference of foreign powers in the conduct of government policy.
beginning, the protests are no matches by an organized political movement against the imposition of neoliberal reforms.
addition, there are indications that the protest movement has been manipulated to create social chaos, and also ensure political continuity. There are unconfirmed reports of acts of repression and intimidation by armed militias in the main urban areas.
The important issue is how to evolve the crisis? As will be discussed Tunisian people from the most serious problem foreign interference?
From the perspective of Washington and Brussels, the unpopular authoritarian regime is criticized in order to replace it with a new puppet government. Elections are planned and supervised by the so-called international community with candidates pre-selected.
If this process of regime change is made on behalf of foreign interests, the new government will no doubt ensure the continuity of the neoliberal policy, which has served to impoverish the population of Tunisia.
The interim government led by President responsible Fouad Mebazza is currently in a stalemate, with fierce opposition from the trade union movement (UGTT). Mebazza has promised to "break with the past", without specifying whether this means the repeal of the neoliberal economic reforms.
History
The media in chorus made the crisis in Tunisia as a matter of national policy, without a historical view. The presumption is that with the removal of "dictator" and the establishment of an elected government, the social crisis will eventually be resolved.
The first "bread riots" in Tunisia in 1984. The protest movement in January 1984, he was motivated by an increase of 100 percent of the price of bread. This mark was demanded by the IMF under the structural adjustment program (SAP) of Tunisia. The elimination of food subsidies was made a condition of the loan agreement with the IMF.
President Habib Bourguiba, who had played a historic role in the liberation of his country from French colonialism, declared a state of emergency in response to the disturbances:
As the shots rang out, police and troops 'in army jeeps and armored vehicles occupying the city to quell the "uprising del pane”. La dimostrazione di forza infine produsse una calma inquieta, ma solo dopo che più di 50 manifestanti e passanti erano stati uccisi. Poi, in una drammatica trasmissione radiotelevisiva di cinque minuti, Bourguiba annunciò che avrebbe riportato indietro l’aumento dei prezzi. (Tunisia: Bourguiba Lets Them Eat Bread - TIME, gennaio 1984)
In seguito alla ritrattazione del presidente Bourguiba, l’impennata del prezzo del pane fu invertita. Bourguiba licenziò il suo ministro degli Interni e rifiutò di rispettare le richieste del Washington Consensus .
L’agenda neoliberista comunque aveva produced the effect, leading to runaway inflation and mass unemployment. Three years later, Bourguiba and his government were removed in a bloodless coup "for reasons of incompetence", bringing the session of the General President Zine el Abidine Ben Ali in November 1987. This coup was not directed against Bourguiba, was intended to permanently dismantle the nationalist political structure initially established in the mid-50s, so that we can privatize state assets.
The military coup, not only marked the end of the post-colonial nationalism that was headed by Bourguiba, but also helped to weaken il ruolo della Francia. Il governo di Ben Ali era allineato a Washington piuttosto che a Parigi.
Pochi mesi dopo l’insediamento di Ben Ali’ a presidente del paese, venne firmato un accordo importante con il FMI. Fu raggiunto anche un accordo con Bruxelles sull’istituzione di un regime di libero scambio con l’UE. Un ampio programma di privatizzazioni fu messo sotto il controllo della Banca Mondiale e del FMI. Con paghe orarie dell’ordine di 0.75 euro all’ora, la Tunisia diventò inoltre una sacca di manodopera a buon mercato per l’Unione Europea.
Chi è il dittatore?
Una revisione dei documenti del FMI suggerisce che dall’instaurazione di Ben Ali’ nel 1987 ad oggi, il suo governo si era attenuto fedelmente alle condizioni del FMI- Banca mondiale, compreso il licenziamento dei lavoratori del settore pubblico, l’eliminazione dei controlli sui prezzi dei beni di consumo essenziali e l’attuazione di un ampio programma di privatizzazioni. La sospensione delle barriere commerciali ordinata dalla banca mondiale portò ad un’ondata di fallimenti.
A seguito di queste dislocazioni dell’economia nazionale, le rimesse degli operai tunisini dall’ Unione Europea divennero una fonte sempre più importante di valuta estera. Ci sono circa 650.000 tunisini che vivono oltremare. Le rimesse totali degli emigranti nel 2010 sono state dell’ordine di US$ 1.960 miliardi di USD, in aumento del 57 per cento rispetto al 2003. Una grande parte di queste rimesse in valuta sono usate per servire il debito estero del paese.
7L’aumento speculativo nei prezzi mondiali degli alimenti
Nel settembre 2010, è stata raggiunta un’intesa fra Tunisi ed il FMI, che raccomandava la rimozione delle ultime sovvenzioni come mezzo per realizzare l’equilibrio fiscale:
Il rigore fiscale rimane una priority for the authorities [Tunisia], who feel the need to continue in 2010 with a strict fiscal policy in the current international context. The efforts made in the last decade to lower the level of public debt should not be affected by fiscal policy too lax. authorities are firmly committed to control current expenditure, including subsidies IMF ... Tunisia: 2010 Article IV Consultation - Staff Report, Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion, and Statement by the Executive Director for Tunisia .
It is worth noting that the insistence of the IMF sull'austerità fiscale e la rimozione delle sovvenzioni hanno coinciso cronologicamente con un nuovo aumento nei prezzi degli alimenti sui mercati di Londra, di New York e di Chicago. Questi aumenti dei prezzi sono in gran parte il risultato di operazioni speculative da parte di importanti interessi finanziari e corporativi del settore dell’agribusiness. Sono il risultato di un’autentica manipolazione (non di penuria), e hanno impoverito la gente a livello globale. La corsa nei prezzi degli alimenti costituisce una nuova fase del processo dell’impoverimento globale.
“I media hanno fuorviato l’opinione pubblica sulle cause di questi aumenti dei prezzi, fissando l’attenzione quasi esclusivamente on increases in production costs, climate and other factors that reduce the supply and that could help increase the price of food.
Although these factors may come into play, are of limited significance in the explanation for the impressive and dramatic in commodity prices. They are largely the result of market manipulation. Are largely attributable to speculation in the commodities markets. The grain prices have been artificially amplified by large-scale speculation in futures markets in Chicago and New York. ...
Speculation on wheat, rice or maize, can be done without any exchange of real goods. The institutions speculating in the grain market are not necessarily involved in the sale or delivery of the actual grain.
Transactions may use commodity index funds that are betting on the bull or bear movements in commodity prices. A put option is a bet on falling prices, a call option is a bet on the upside. With concerted manipulation, institutional investors and financial institutions can raise prices and then bet on a bullish movement of raw materials in particular.
Speculation generates market volatility. In turn, the resulting instability encourages' further speculative activity.
Profits are made when the price goes up. Conversely, if the speculator plays downward selling on the market, will gain when the price collapses.
This recent rise in food prices is speculation has caused a famine on a global scale without precedent "( Michel Chossudovsky, Global Famine , Global Research, May 2, 2008).
From 2006 to 2008, there was a dramatic rise in the prices of all major food commodities, including rice, wheat and corn. The price of rice has tripled in five years, from about $ 600 a ton in 2003 to more than $ 1,800 a tonne in May 2008.
The recent rise in the price of wheat falls into an increase of 32 per cent of 'composite index of the prices of FAO food in the second half of 2010.
"The rise in prices of sugar, wheat and oilseeds have led to a record in world food prices in December, surpassing the 2008 levels when the cost of food has riots break out in the world and warnings to be issued on the prices entered in the "danger zone".
A monthly index of the United Nations in December exceeded the previous monthly peak - June 2008 - to reach the highest level since 1990. Published by per l’alimentazione e l’agricoltura con sede a Roma (la FAO), l’indice riporta i prezzi di un paniere di cereali, semi oleosi, latticini, carne e zucchero, aumentato per sei mesi consecutivi”; (The Guardian, 5 gennaio 2011)
Amara ironia: in un contesto di aumento dei prezzi degli alimenti, il FMI suggerisce la rimozione delle sovvenzioni allo scopo di raggiungere l’obiettivo dell’ austerità fiscale.
Manipolazione dei dati su poverty and unemployment
atmosphere of social despair prevails, people's lives are destroyed. While the protest movement in Tunisia is obviously a direct result of depleted total, the World Bank claims that poverty levels have been reduced by the reforms, market liberalization adopted by the government of Ben Ali.
According to the report on the country of the World Bank, the Tunisian government (with the support of the Bretton Woods) has been instrumental in reducing poverty levels to 7 percent (substantially lower than that recorded in the United States and in 'EU):
La Tunisia ha realizzato notevoli progressi nell’equità dello sviluppo, nel combattere la povertà e nel raggiungimento di buoni indicatori sociali. Ha riportato un tasso di crescita medio del 5 per cento in questi ultimi 20 anni, con un aumento constante nel reddito pro capite e un aumento corrispondente nel benessere della popolazione che registra un livello di povertà del 7%, fra i più bassi nella regione.
L’aumento constante nel reddito pro capite è stato il motore principale per la riduzione della povertà. … Le strade nelle aree rurali sono state particolarmente importanti nell’aiutare the poor in these areas to connect to markets and urban services. Housing programs have improved the living standards of the poor and also have saved the income made available for expenditure in food and nonfood items, with positive impacts of poverty alleviation. The food subsidies, to the poor, even if not optimally, however, have helped the urban poor. (World Bank - Tunisia - Country Brief)
These estimates on poverty, without mentioning any "analysis" of economic and social frames are authentic. They have a free market as the engine of an easing of poverty. The scaffold Analytic World Bank is used to justify a process of "repression" economy that has been applied worldwide in more than 150 countries in the developing world.
With 7 percent of the population living in poverty (as suggested by the "estimate", World Bank), and 93 percent of the population with basic needs met in terms of food, housing, health and education, there was social crisis in Tunisia.
The World Bank is actively involved in data manipulation and distortion of the difficult social situation of the Tunisian population.
Il tasso di disoccupazione ufficiale è al 14 per cento, ma il livello reale di disoccupazione è molto più alto. La disoccupazione giovanile registrata è dell’ordine del 30 per cento. I Servizi Sociali, compreso la sanità e la formazione sono sprofondate nell’urto delle misure di austerità economica della Banca Mondiale e del FMI .
La Tunisia e il mondo
Quello che sta succedendo in Tunisia fa parte di un processo economico globale che distrugge la vita della gente attraverso la deliberata manipolazione delle forze di mercato.
Più in generale, “la dura realtà economica e sociale che sta alla base dell’intervento del FMI consiste nei prezzi degli alimenti in ascesa, carestie a livello locale, licenziamenti massicci degli operai urbani e degli impiegati pubblici, e distruzione dei programmi sociali. Il potere di acquisto interno è sprofondato, ospedali e scuole sono stati chiusi, a centinaia di milioni di bambini è stato negato il diritto all’istruzione primaria.”; (Michel Chossudovsky, Global Famine , op cit.)
Da Global research, 20 gennaio 2011 http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=22867
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