RICEVIAMO E PUBBLICHIAMO
In Italia
Gli zingari in Italia, come nel resto del mondo, rappresentano una comunità eterogenea, dalle mille sfumature e dalle mille espressioni. Mille sono anche gli anni della storia degli zingari divisi essenzialmente in tre gruppi principali: Rom, Sinti e Kalé (gitani della penisola iberica). A questi main groups are connected with many groups and subgroups, similar and different, each with its own peculiarities. They have a common origin, North India and a common language, Romani or Roman © hib divided into several dialects. The public opinion of Roma and Sinti who know little or nothing, it tends to confuse and to standardize the various gypsy groups, especially tends to marginalize and condemn without understanding. The Gypsy population in Italy is about 0.16% of the entire national population being estimated at a number of people falling between 80,000 and 110,000. There are only Sinti and Roma and their subgroups. The Sinti are mainly settled in northern Italy and the Roma in Central and South America. They are the gypsies of ancient settlement which was recently added to various gypsy groups and recent immigrants. Approximately 1'80% of Gypsies living in Italy have Italian citizenship, about 20% and represented by non-Gypsies, particularly from the territories of former Yugoslavia. Approximately 75% Roman Catholic, 20% Muslim and 5% groups: Orthodox, Jehovah's Witnesses and Pentecostals. The arrival in Italy
The Indian origin of Gypsies has been discovered in the eighteenth century through the study of the Gypsy language. With the philological study has been able to reconstruct hypothetically the route taken by the gypsies in their long journey as they borrowed words from the people with whom they were in contact. From India to the north have arrived in Europe through Persia, Armenia and the Byzantine Empire. Have branched from the Balkans in Europe, arriving in Russia and, with the deportations, the Americas and Australia. There are many scholars who believe that Roma Abruzzo, among the first groups arrived Gypsies in Italy, have arrived from across the Adriatic coast of Albania and Greece, probably to escape the repression of the Ottoman Turks. In support of this thesis and referred to the absence in the speech of the Roma in terms of Abruzzo Germans and Slavs. But one might object: the Ottoman Turks conquered the whole of Greece and Albania today between 1451 and 1520 (L. Piasere), while the Roma arrived in Italy long before (the first document recording the arrival of the gypsies and 1422 but there are many clues that lead us to believe that Roma came before ) Abruzzi Roma have in their spoken German words is as thio, Glas, Breg (German Antioch = table glas = glass, berg = mountain), and terms such as Croatian Serbs plaxtà = sheets (sc phahta) = nothing niot (sc NIST), Otar = to catch, grasp (you were sc), Nikto (Nikki) = none (Nikto sc), a pukav. = Spy, report (sc bukati), po (pro) = for (sc bit), and, because the Roma con le loro carovane avrebbero dovuto viaggiare per via mare, via a loro scomoda, inusuale e all'epoca minacciata dai turchi, se per secoli avevano dimostrato di spostarsi con sicurezza e rapidità per via terra? Tutto ciò induce a credere che il grosso dei Rom abruzzesi sia arrivato in Italia dal nord per via terra, proveniente, dall'Albania o dalla Grecia, attraversando la ex-Jugoslavia e territori di lingua tedesca. Non è da escludere che effettivamente piccoli nuclei siano arrivati in Italia attraverso l'Adriatico assieme ad altre minoranze come Serbo -Croati e Albanesi. Tutto è comunque ancora da provare. Da questa piccola introduzione si può ben comprendere come sia difficile ricostruire la storia dei Rom sia perché i documenti a disposizione sono pochi ed incompleti sia perché i Rom non hanno lasciato nessuna testimonianza scritta. La storia dei Rom é una storia che non nasce dall'interno della sua comunità proprio perché essi rappresentano un popolo senza scrittura che affida alla "memoria" e alla tradizione orale il compito di trasmettere la propria storia e la propria cultura. La storia dei Rom è fatta dai Caggé (non zingari) attraverso le osservazioni di quanti ai Rom si sono in qualche modo interessati per la curiosità e la meraviglia che suscitavano o attraverso le disposizioni delle autorità pubbliche. Così dalla lettura delle Cronache del XV secolo si possono ricostruire sommariamente gli itinerari seguiti dagli zingari in Europa. Il primo documento che segnala l'arrivo degli zingari in Italia è quello del 18 luglio 1422, un'anonima cronaca bolognese contenuta nella Rerum Italicarum Scriptores di Ludovico Antonio Muratori: "A di 18 luglio 1422 venne in Bologna un duca d'Egitto, il quale aveva nome Andrea, e venne con donne, putti e uomini del suo paese, e potevano essere ben cento persone...... " Dalle "grida" e dai bandi che dal 1500 si sono susseguiti fino al 1700 si possono dedurre le politiche attuate dalle autorità nei confronti degli zingari: politiche di espulsione, di reclusione, di repressione, di deportazione, ovvero politiche votate al più completo rifiuto. (Attualmente siamo nella fase della politica di assimilazione).
I Rom abruzzesi
I Rom abruzzesi, con cittadinanza italiana, rappresentano dunque uno dei primissimi gruppi zingari arrivati in Italia e grazie alla lunga permanenza sono relativamente più inseriti nel contesto sociale ed economico della società maggioritaria rispetto ad altri gruppi di recente immigrazione. In passato le attività principalmente esercitate erano quelle che lasciavano spazio all'essere e alla creatività e quelle che facilitavano i rapporti umani. Da qui l'attività di musicisti, di fabbri calderari, di commercianti di cavalli, di lavoratori di metalli. Il progresso tecnologico, il boom economico, lo sviluppo delle attività industriali hanno soppiantato le attività tradizionali e la maggioranza dei Rom ha dovuto operare una economic restructuring, but the way of facing life and internalize the social structure and especially the Roma for centuries and remained almost unchanged. The fundamental institution upon which society holds the Romani language and the family, understood in its broadest sense, ie as a group that is recognized in the descent from a common ancestor. Always been the subject of violence the Roma have strengthened relations and ties of family solidarity endogamous, while maintaining a hostile attitude towards the outside. There is this deep sense of mistrust and a deep need for defense. The social system and lived in the deep human component, essentially based on strict compliance with ethical and moral standards that regulate and governing the Romani community to ensure the full integration of individuals. They protect the dignity and honor of the Roma there are no classes or social hierarchies simplistic if we exclude the rich and poor, so that even the richest and the poorest in connection with, and vice versa according to a principle of equality that reflects a horizontal perspective of life. In this context, the Abruzzi Roma feel part of a singular whole that makes him stand out is the one fall (non-Gypsies) and other Gypsy groups (foreign Roma, Sinti, Kale). this translates into a lifestyle with its own ways to express themselves and behave. Some rules are binding, for example: Romni the Abruzzi is not absolutely forbidden by ethics Romany smoking, wear pants, makeup, wearing swimsuits to the sea, to gamble. Women who want to have a good reputation and strive to be respected by the Roma to adapt to comply with these moral norms, which confuses them with others. A Roma feel perfectly safe in the bosom of his community, made up of many individual groups from all parentelari where there is neither king nor queen as it tends to make people believe the sensationalism journalism covering with the fantasy and the imagination of its shortcomings informative. In the Roman world and is therefore presented in mythological terms or in terms of criminalizing, one or the other form of distortions are affecting the Gypsy world, producing negative stereotypes and prejudices that the Roma are victims. The safety of the Roma comes from the tradition which places it in front of the safe future of the cohesion, placing it safely before the unpredictable. This results in a strong emotional balance. The tight relationship between education, cohesion and psychological wellbeing are threatened with conflicting external contacts. Think of a Roma child who attends public school: to come into contact with a reality that presents models of the functional life of the majority society in which it is difficult for him to adapt, the inevitably causes a loss because it is forced to make a difficult choice but in most cases leads him to retrace the path of family affection, as an adult show a hostile attitude toward the company is not yet prepared to receive him except through assimilation. The same is true of mixed marriages in which the individual is outside to be a disturbing factor if it fails to integrate. The cornerstone of the social structure of the Roma and the patriarchal family, where the old, considered wise, it is recognized representative. There are Roma who are excluded because of their bad moral qualities, are considered "Gaval" and mocked and ridiculed. Frequent contacts within the Roman world have always turned a dense network Internal communication port that the Roma to be a1 aware of what happens in Gypsy families too far away. The media are today, along with organizations sprawling pseudo-gypsies, the greatest threat to the existence of the Roma as models of life that inspire young people away from tradition by extending the mesh of social and family relationships, creating new tastes and new ethical requirements affecting the Roma in Romani and instill social climbing and the need to own at all costs is superfluous. Hence the illegal activities. The Roma is not prepared in the manner of one fall, fall into the trap. Now let's explore and learn about some fundamental aspects of culture and the life of the Roma Abruzzo: language, legal system, the party (engagement and marriage), death.
Language The language of the Roma Abruzzo called "Romani" or "Romany © hib" is closely related to the neo-Indian languages \u200b\u200band still faithfully a large number of words of Indian origin. The Romani language has been enriched by loans from Persian, Armenian, Greek, Croatian Serbs, some dialect words from Germany and Italy-central elements to witness the route followed by the Roma began the long road from the north-west India to the west .
Romanian Costel Antonescu
Gli zingari in Italia, come nel resto del mondo, rappresentano una comunità eterogenea, dalle mille sfumature e dalle mille espressioni. Mille sono anche gli anni della storia degli zingari divisi essenzialmente in tre gruppi principali: Rom, Sinti e Kalé (gitani della penisola iberica). A questi main groups are connected with many groups and subgroups, similar and different, each with its own peculiarities. They have a common origin, North India and a common language, Romani or Roman © hib divided into several dialects. The public opinion of Roma and Sinti who know little or nothing, it tends to confuse and to standardize the various gypsy groups, especially tends to marginalize and condemn without understanding. The Gypsy population in Italy is about 0.16% of the entire national population being estimated at a number of people falling between 80,000 and 110,000. There are only Sinti and Roma and their subgroups. The Sinti are mainly settled in northern Italy and the Roma in Central and South America. They are the gypsies of ancient settlement which was recently added to various gypsy groups and recent immigrants. Approximately 1'80% of Gypsies living in Italy have Italian citizenship, about 20% and represented by non-Gypsies, particularly from the territories of former Yugoslavia. Approximately 75% Roman Catholic, 20% Muslim and 5% groups: Orthodox, Jehovah's Witnesses and Pentecostals. The arrival in Italy
The Indian origin of Gypsies has been discovered in the eighteenth century through the study of the Gypsy language. With the philological study has been able to reconstruct hypothetically the route taken by the gypsies in their long journey as they borrowed words from the people with whom they were in contact. From India to the north have arrived in Europe through Persia, Armenia and the Byzantine Empire. Have branched from the Balkans in Europe, arriving in Russia and, with the deportations, the Americas and Australia. There are many scholars who believe that Roma Abruzzo, among the first groups arrived Gypsies in Italy, have arrived from across the Adriatic coast of Albania and Greece, probably to escape the repression of the Ottoman Turks. In support of this thesis and referred to the absence in the speech of the Roma in terms of Abruzzo Germans and Slavs. But one might object: the Ottoman Turks conquered the whole of Greece and Albania today between 1451 and 1520 (L. Piasere), while the Roma arrived in Italy long before (the first document recording the arrival of the gypsies and 1422 but there are many clues that lead us to believe that Roma came before ) Abruzzi Roma have in their spoken German words is as thio, Glas, Breg (German Antioch = table glas = glass, berg = mountain), and terms such as Croatian Serbs plaxtà = sheets (sc phahta) = nothing niot (sc NIST), Otar = to catch, grasp (you were sc), Nikto (Nikki) = none (Nikto sc), a pukav. = Spy, report (sc bukati), po (pro) = for (sc bit), and, because the Roma con le loro carovane avrebbero dovuto viaggiare per via mare, via a loro scomoda, inusuale e all'epoca minacciata dai turchi, se per secoli avevano dimostrato di spostarsi con sicurezza e rapidità per via terra? Tutto ciò induce a credere che il grosso dei Rom abruzzesi sia arrivato in Italia dal nord per via terra, proveniente, dall'Albania o dalla Grecia, attraversando la ex-Jugoslavia e territori di lingua tedesca. Non è da escludere che effettivamente piccoli nuclei siano arrivati in Italia attraverso l'Adriatico assieme ad altre minoranze come Serbo -Croati e Albanesi. Tutto è comunque ancora da provare. Da questa piccola introduzione si può ben comprendere come sia difficile ricostruire la storia dei Rom sia perché i documenti a disposizione sono pochi ed incompleti sia perché i Rom non hanno lasciato nessuna testimonianza scritta. La storia dei Rom é una storia che non nasce dall'interno della sua comunità proprio perché essi rappresentano un popolo senza scrittura che affida alla "memoria" e alla tradizione orale il compito di trasmettere la propria storia e la propria cultura. La storia dei Rom è fatta dai Caggé (non zingari) attraverso le osservazioni di quanti ai Rom si sono in qualche modo interessati per la curiosità e la meraviglia che suscitavano o attraverso le disposizioni delle autorità pubbliche. Così dalla lettura delle Cronache del XV secolo si possono ricostruire sommariamente gli itinerari seguiti dagli zingari in Europa. Il primo documento che segnala l'arrivo degli zingari in Italia è quello del 18 luglio 1422, un'anonima cronaca bolognese contenuta nella Rerum Italicarum Scriptores di Ludovico Antonio Muratori: "A di 18 luglio 1422 venne in Bologna un duca d'Egitto, il quale aveva nome Andrea, e venne con donne, putti e uomini del suo paese, e potevano essere ben cento persone...... " Dalle "grida" e dai bandi che dal 1500 si sono susseguiti fino al 1700 si possono dedurre le politiche attuate dalle autorità nei confronti degli zingari: politiche di espulsione, di reclusione, di repressione, di deportazione, ovvero politiche votate al più completo rifiuto. (Attualmente siamo nella fase della politica di assimilazione).
I Rom abruzzesi
I Rom abruzzesi, con cittadinanza italiana, rappresentano dunque uno dei primissimi gruppi zingari arrivati in Italia e grazie alla lunga permanenza sono relativamente più inseriti nel contesto sociale ed economico della società maggioritaria rispetto ad altri gruppi di recente immigrazione. In passato le attività principalmente esercitate erano quelle che lasciavano spazio all'essere e alla creatività e quelle che facilitavano i rapporti umani. Da qui l'attività di musicisti, di fabbri calderari, di commercianti di cavalli, di lavoratori di metalli. Il progresso tecnologico, il boom economico, lo sviluppo delle attività industriali hanno soppiantato le attività tradizionali e la maggioranza dei Rom ha dovuto operare una economic restructuring, but the way of facing life and internalize the social structure and especially the Roma for centuries and remained almost unchanged. The fundamental institution upon which society holds the Romani language and the family, understood in its broadest sense, ie as a group that is recognized in the descent from a common ancestor. Always been the subject of violence the Roma have strengthened relations and ties of family solidarity endogamous, while maintaining a hostile attitude towards the outside. There is this deep sense of mistrust and a deep need for defense. The social system and lived in the deep human component, essentially based on strict compliance with ethical and moral standards that regulate and governing the Romani community to ensure the full integration of individuals. They protect the dignity and honor of the Roma there are no classes or social hierarchies simplistic if we exclude the rich and poor, so that even the richest and the poorest in connection with, and vice versa according to a principle of equality that reflects a horizontal perspective of life. In this context, the Abruzzi Roma feel part of a singular whole that makes him stand out is the one fall (non-Gypsies) and other Gypsy groups (foreign Roma, Sinti, Kale). this translates into a lifestyle with its own ways to express themselves and behave. Some rules are binding, for example: Romni the Abruzzi is not absolutely forbidden by ethics Romany smoking, wear pants, makeup, wearing swimsuits to the sea, to gamble. Women who want to have a good reputation and strive to be respected by the Roma to adapt to comply with these moral norms, which confuses them with others. A Roma feel perfectly safe in the bosom of his community, made up of many individual groups from all parentelari where there is neither king nor queen as it tends to make people believe the sensationalism journalism covering with the fantasy and the imagination of its shortcomings informative. In the Roman world and is therefore presented in mythological terms or in terms of criminalizing, one or the other form of distortions are affecting the Gypsy world, producing negative stereotypes and prejudices that the Roma are victims. The safety of the Roma comes from the tradition which places it in front of the safe future of the cohesion, placing it safely before the unpredictable. This results in a strong emotional balance. The tight relationship between education, cohesion and psychological wellbeing are threatened with conflicting external contacts. Think of a Roma child who attends public school: to come into contact with a reality that presents models of the functional life of the majority society in which it is difficult for him to adapt, the inevitably causes a loss because it is forced to make a difficult choice but in most cases leads him to retrace the path of family affection, as an adult show a hostile attitude toward the company is not yet prepared to receive him except through assimilation. The same is true of mixed marriages in which the individual is outside to be a disturbing factor if it fails to integrate. The cornerstone of the social structure of the Roma and the patriarchal family, where the old, considered wise, it is recognized representative. There are Roma who are excluded because of their bad moral qualities, are considered "Gaval" and mocked and ridiculed. Frequent contacts within the Roman world have always turned a dense network Internal communication port that the Roma to be a1 aware of what happens in Gypsy families too far away. The media are today, along with organizations sprawling pseudo-gypsies, the greatest threat to the existence of the Roma as models of life that inspire young people away from tradition by extending the mesh of social and family relationships, creating new tastes and new ethical requirements affecting the Roma in Romani and instill social climbing and the need to own at all costs is superfluous. Hence the illegal activities. The Roma is not prepared in the manner of one fall, fall into the trap. Now let's explore and learn about some fundamental aspects of culture and the life of the Roma Abruzzo: language, legal system, the party (engagement and marriage), death.
Language The language of the Roma Abruzzo called "Romani" or "Romany © hib" is closely related to the neo-Indian languages \u200b\u200band still faithfully a large number of words of Indian origin. The Romani language has been enriched by loans from Persian, Armenian, Greek, Croatian Serbs, some dialect words from Germany and Italy-central elements to witness the route followed by the Roma began the long road from the north-west India to the west .
Romanian Costel Antonescu
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